Raising the Nile: Ethnicity & Politics in the U.G.L.E. Masonic Lodges of British Egypt, 1860-1956
Grand Lodge of PA Masonic Temple 1 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesThe history of Freemasonry in modern Egypt dates back to the Napoleonic Campaign in Egypt and Syria; however, Freemasonry did not take a firm hold until several decades later. Following the political reforms enacted by Egyptian Khedive Muhammad Ali, Europeans began to have a more prominent presence in Egypt, and by the 1880s, Egypt was under British control. The [...]